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THAILAND.CRD
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#CARD:Thailand:Geography
#WORD 43 69 466 465 0
Thailand Click Here for Country List
#IMAGE 44 61 TWPCX \maps\THAILAND.PCX
Geography Click Here for MAP
Location:
Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Burma and
Cambodia
Map references:
Asia, Southeast Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
514,000 sq km
land area:
511,770 sq km
comparative area:
slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming
Land boundaries:
total 4,863 km, Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km,
Malaysia 506 km
Coastline:
3,219 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
boundary dispute with Laos; unresolved maritime boundary with Vietnam;
parts of border with Thailand in dispute; maritime boundary with
Thailand not clearly defined
Climate:
tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to
September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March);
southern isthmus always hot and humid
Terrain:
central plain; Khorat plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere
Natural resources:
tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish,
gypsum, lignite, fluorite
Land use:
arable land:
34%
permanent crops:
4%
meadows and pastures:
1%
forest and woodland:
30%
other:
31%
Irrigated land:
42,300 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
air pollution increasing from vehicle emissions; water pollution from
organic and factory wastes; deforestation; wildlife populations
threatened by illegal hunting
natural hazards:
land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the
water table
international agreements:
party to - Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservaiton, Nuclear Test
Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber; signed, but not ratified
- Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea
Note:
controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore
#CARD:Thailand:People
People
Population:
59,510,471 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.3% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
19.43 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
6.41 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
37.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
68.35 years
male:
64.99 years
female:
71.87 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
2.1 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Thai (singular and plural)
adjective:
Thai
Ethnic divisions:
Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%
Religions:
Buddhism 95%, Muslim 3.8%, Christianity 0.5%, Hinduism 0.1%, other
0.6% (1991)
Languages:
Thai, English the secondary language of the elite, ethnic and regional
dialects
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population:
93%
male:
96%
female:
90%
Labor force:
30.87 million
by occupation:
agriculture 62%, industry 13%, commerce 11%, services (including
government) 14% (1989 est.)
#CARD:Thailand:Government
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Kingdom of Thailand
conventional short form:
Digraph:
TH
Type:
constitutional monarchy
Capital:
Bangkok
Administrative divisions:
73 provinces (changwat, singular and plural); Ang Thong, Buriram,
Chachoengsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang
Rai, Chon Buri, Chumphon, Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khon
Kaen, Krabi, Krung Thep Mahanakhon, Lampang, Lamphun, Loei, Lop Buri,
Mae Hong Son, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom,
Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Nan, Narathiwat, Nong Khai, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Pattani,
Phangnga, Phatthalung, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phichit,
Phitsanulok, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phrae, Phuket, Prachin Buri,
Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Roi Et, Sakon Nakhon,
Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Sara Buri, Satun, Sing
Buri, Sisaket, Songkhla, Sukhothai, Suphan Buri, Surat Thani, Surin,
Tak, Trang, Trat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Uthai Thani,
Uttaradit, Yala, Yasothon
Independence:
1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)
National holiday:
Birthday of His Majesty the King, 5 December (1927)
Constitution:
new constitution approved 7 December 1991; amended 10 June 1992
Legal system:
based on civil law system, with influences of common law; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; martial law in effect since 23
February 1991 military coup
Suffrage:
21 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet (since 9 June 1946); Heir Apparent Crown
Prince WACHIRALONGKON (born 28 July 1952)
head of government:
Prime Minister CHUAN Likphai (since 23 September 1992)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers
Privy Council:
NA
Legislative branch:
bicameral National Assembly (Rathasatha)
Senate (Vuthisatha):
consists of a 270-member appointed body
House of Representatives(Saphaphoothan-Rajsadhorn):
elections last held 13 September 1992 (next to be held by NA); results
- percent of vote by party NA; seats - (360 total) DP 79, TNP 77, NDP
60, NAP 51, Phalang Tham 47, SAP 22, LDP 8, SP 8, Mass Party 4, Thai
Citizen's Party 3, People's Party 1, People's Force Party 0
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court (Sarndika)
Political parties and leaders:
Democrat Party (DP), Chuan LIKPHAI; Thai Nation Pary (TNP or Chat Thai
Party), Banhan SINLAPA-ACHA; National Development Party (NDP or Chat
Phattana), Chatchai CHUNHAWAN; New Aspiration Party (NAP), Gen.
Chawalit YONGCHAIYUT; Phalang Tham (Palang Dharma), Bunchu
ROTCHANASATIEN; Social Action Party (SAP), Montri PHONGPHANIT; Liberal
Democratic Party (LDP or Seri Tham), Athit URAIRAT; Solidarity Party
(SP), Uthai PHIMCHAICHON; Mass Party (Muanchon), Pol. Cpt. Choem
YUBAMRUNG; Thai Citizen's Party (Prachakon Thai), Samak SUNTHONWET;
People's Party (Ratsadon), Chaiphak SIRIWAT; People's Force Party
(Phalang Prachachon), Col. Sophon HANCHAREON
Member of:
APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM,
ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador PHIRAPHONG Kasemsi
chancery:
2300 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
(202) 483-7200
FAX:
(202) 234-4498
consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador David F. LAMBERTSON
embassy:
95 Wireless Road, Bangkok
mailing address:
APO AP 96546
telephone:
[66] (2) 252-5040
FAX:
[66] (2) 254-2990
consulate(s) general:
Chiang Mai
consulate(s):
Udorn (Udon Thani)
Flag:
five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double width), white,
and red
#CARD:Thailand:Economy
Economy
Overview:
Thailand's economy recovered rapidly from the political unrest in May
1992 to post an impressive 7.5% growth rate for the year and 7.8% in
1993. One of the more advanced developing countries in Asia, Thailand
depends on exports of manufactures and the development of the service
sector to fuel the country's rapid growth. The trade and current
account deficits fell in 1992; much of Thailand's recent imports have
been for capital equipment suggesting that the export sector is poised
for further growth. With foreign investment slowing, Bangkok is
working to increase the generation of domestic capital. Prime Minister
CHUAN's government - Thailand's fifth government in less than two
years - is pledged to continue Bangkok's probusiness policies, and the
return of a democratically elected government has improved business
confidence. Nevertheless, CHUAN must overcome divisions within his
ruling coalition to complete much needed infrastructure development
programs if Thailand is to remain an attractive place for business
investment. Over the longer-term, Bangkok must produce more college
graduates with technical training and upgrade workers' skills to
continue its rapid economic development.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $323 billion (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate:
7.8% (1993 est.)
National product per capita:
$5,500 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
4.1% (1992 est.)
Unemployment rate:
3.1% (1992 est.)
Budget:
revenues:
$21.36 billion
expenditures:
$22.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $6.24 billion (1993
est.)
Exports:
$28.4 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
commodities:
machinery and manufactures 76.9%, agricultural products 14.9%,
fisheries products 5.9% (1992)
partners:
US 22%, Japan 18%, Singapore 8%, Hong Kong 5%, Germany 4%, Netherlands
4%, UK 4%, Malaysia, France, China (1992)
Imports:
$37.6 billion (c.i.f., 1992)
commodities:
capital goods 41.4%, intermediate goods and raw materials 32.8%,
consumer goods 10.4%, oil 8.2%
partners:
Japan 29.3%, US 11.4%, Singapore 7.6%, Taiwan 5.5%, Germany 5.4%,
South Korea 4.6%, Malaysia 4.2%, China 3.3%, Hong Kong 3.3%, UK (1992)
External debt:
$33.4 billion (1991)
Industrial production:
growth rate 9% (1992); accounts for about 26% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
10,000,000 kW
production:
43.75 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
760 kWh (1992)
Industries:
tourism is the largest source of foreign exchange; textiles and
garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light
manufacturing, such as jewelry; electric appliances and components,
integrated circuits, furniture, plastics; world's second-largest
tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer
Agriculture:
accounts for 12% of GDP and 60% of labor force; leading producer and
exporter of rice and cassava (tapioca); other crops - rubber, corn,
sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans; except for wheat, self-sufficient in
food
Illicit drugs:
a minor producer of opium and marijuana; major illicit trafficker of
heroin, particularly from Burma and Laos, for the international drug
market; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis
cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries;
opium poppy cultivation has been affected by eradication efforts; also
a major drug money laundering center
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $870 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $8.6
billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $19 million
Currency:
1 baht (B) = 100 satang
Exchange rates:
baht (B) per US$1 - 25.446 (December 1993), 25.400 (1992), 25.517
(1991), 25.585 (1990), 25.702 (1989)
Fiscal year:
1 October-30 September
#CARD:Thailand:Communications
Communications
Railroads:
3,940 km 1.000-meter gauge, 99 km double track
Highways:
total:
77,697 km
paved:
35,855 km (including 88 km of expressways)
unpaved:
gravel, other stabilization 14,092 km; earth 27,750 km (1988)
Inland waterways:
3,999 km principal waterways; 3,701 km with navigable depths of 0.9 m
or more throughout the year; numerous minor waterways navigable by
shallow-draft native craft
Pipelines:
petroleum products 67 km; natural gas 350 km
Ports:
Bangkok, Pattani, Phuket, Sattahip, Si Racha
Merchant marine:
198 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 998,372 GRT/1,561,824 DWT, bulk
14, cargo 105, chemical tanker 2, combination bulk 2, container 13,
liquefied gas 9, oil tanker 43, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 6,
roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 1
Airports:
total:
105
usable:
96
with permanent-surface runways:
51
with runways over 3,659 m:
1
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
14
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
28
Telecommunications:
service to general public inadequate; bulk of service to government
activities provided by multichannel cable and microwave radio relay
network; 739,500 telephones (1987); broadcast stations - over 200 AM,
100 FM, and 11 TV in government-controlled networks; satellite earth
stations - 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT;
domestic satellite system being developed
#CARD:Thailand:Defense Forces
Defense Forces
Branches:
Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy (including Royal Thai Marine Corps),
Royal Thai Air Force, Paramilitary Forces
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 16,982,226; fit for military service 10,312,744; reach
military age (18) annually 599,240 (1994 est.)
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $3.8 billion, 2.9% of GNP (FY93/94 est.)
THAILAND.0